Dhofar is a Hadrami city thousands of years ago. It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It is one of the works of Sihr. It is close to Sohar. It is located between Sohar and Mirbat. It was known for producing the best types of frankincense and had great economic importance. It was also famous for the port of Samhuram, which was founded by one of the kings. Hadramout in the first century BC. It is the second sea gate of Hadramout. And the Classicians called it (Musca), and it is called in the Musnad inscriptions (Samharam), and it is now called Khor Rori.
Geographical historians such as Ibn Battuta and Ibn Khaldun talked about it, and Marco Polo described it in 1285 AD as its prosperity, and that it produces a lot of white frankincense.
Dhofar was administratively subordinate to the central authority in Hadramout..and this subordination continued until Al Katheer reached the seat of Hadramout rule, and they were the last central authority to extend its control over Hadramout in the fifteenth century AD, and their rule continued until the sixteenth century AD, and in that it began Weakness creeps in among the rulers of the family of Katheer, until their contract breaks down, and Hadramout becomes lacking central authority, and since nature does not accept a vacuum, the situation has settled in the regions of Hadhramaut, with states being formed with multiple names: the Emirate of Dhofar (the Emirate of Fadl bin Alawi Al-Hadrami), the Sultanate of Al-Kathiri, the Sultanate of Al-Quaiti, Sultanate of Al-Mahra, Sultanate of Al-Wahidi. And these mini-states continued to be independent from the neighboring regions administratively.. until these sultanates signed agreements that included their subordination to the British Political Agency in Aden (British Residency in Aden).
However, Dhofar did not remain as it was among the five Hadrami sultanates, as it was extracted in 1879 AD from among the Hadrami sultanates and annexed to Oman according to the sinful decision taken by the Government of British India at the end of the year 1879 AD, which made the Dhofar region within the responsibility of the British political agency in Muscat instead From Aden... This decision faced the objection of many notables of the Arabian Peninsula, including the Sharif of Mecca, who believes that the annexation of the Dhofar region to Oman will lead to bad side effects in the Arabian Peninsula. Likewise, the Ottoman governor in Basra, who issued a warning to Sayyid Turki bin Said, Sultan of Oman, in the middle of the year 1886 AD regarding his control of Dhofar. During this period, the authority of the Omani rulers did not settle in Dhofar, where unrest and rebellion did not stop against the Omani authority until the death of Fadl bin Alawi.
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